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Pandia (festival)
The Pandia was an ancient state festival attested as having been held annually at Athens as early as the time of Demosthenes.〔Demosthenes, ''Against Midias'' (21.8–9 ); ''Inscriptiones Graecae'', (II2 1140, line 5 ); Harpocration, ''Lexicon of the Ten Orators'' s.v.; Pollux, ''Onomasticon'' (1.37 ). Though the earliest mentions of the festival we have date only from the fourth century BC, the festival was probably much older, Parke, p. 136, says that the festival "was probably a survival from the archaic past which had become fossilized", Parker (1996), p. 75 says "The panegyris or 'all-assembly' is in fact as ancient a Greek institution as any that we know of. If, as is likely, the system of tribal competition in Attic cults is archaic, there must always have been some pan-Attic festivals. Some old favourites (the Pandia for instance, the 'all-Zeus' festival or the Dipolieta) perhaps gradually faded away in the classical period", while Robertson sees the festival as marking the spring migration of sheep to mountain pastures, and having originated at least as early as the Mycenean period (Robertson 1991, p. 5; Robertson 1993, p. 15).〕 Although little that is known of the Pandia is certain,〔Burkert, (p. 182 ); Parke, pp. 135–136; Parker 2005, pp. 447–448.〕 it was probably a festival for Zeus,〔Parker 2005, p. 447.〕 and was celebrated in the spring after the City Dionysia in the middle of the month of Elaphebolion (late March and early April).
==Dates==
The exact date of the Pandia has been much discussed.〔Mikalson 1975, p. 137.〕 Demosthenes, speech ''Against Midias'' (21.8) has a meeting, during which the conduct of the City Dionysia was reviewed, being held after the Pandia. This places the Pandia, at least during the time of Demosthenes, after the City Dionysia. Some have seen an association between the Pandia and the full-moon, placing the celebration on 14 Elaphebolion.〔Smith, ("Pandia" ), ("Dionysia" ); Cook, (p. 733 ); Willetts, (pp. 178 ); Robertson 1996, (p. 75 note 109 ).〕 But according to Pickard-Cambridge, Gould and Lewis, the association with the full-moon "can neither be affirmed nor rejected",〔Pickard-Cambridge, Gould and Lewis, p. 66.〕 and modern scholarship appears to favor the later dates of 16 or 17 Elaphebolion.〔Harris, (p. 190 ); Canevaro, (p 213 ); Pickard-Cambridge, Gould and Lewis, p. 66; Mikalson 1975, p. 137.〕
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